Television recording or transmitting apparatus using constant speed film



'.- 17 1,950 R GARM rIi'rn TELEvIsIoNLREcoRnIN'n' 'rmum-rmc APPARATUS USING CONSTANT SPEED FILI med July 17. 1947A 5 Sheets-Sheet! ...Baz komm m H mom motzoz 17, 1950 R. l.. GARMAN ETAL 2,525,891

` TELEVISIN RECORDING OR TRANSMITTING APPARATUS USING CONSTANT SPEED FIL 5- ShemEs-Sfxeetl 2 Filed July 17, @.1947

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Filed .July 17, 1947 R. 1 GARMAN l-:TAL TELEVISIN RECORDING 0R TRANSHITTING i APPARATUS USING CONSTANT SPEND FTLN INPUT 3/4 RAYMOND L. GARMAN FRANK N. GNLETT GARMAN Erm. 525,891 TELEVISION RECORDING .on 'mnsnuwww,v APPARATUS USING CONSTANT SPEED FILM 4Filed Juiy 17, 1947 24 FRAME SCAN FIG.` 7

' Zhwentorg RAYMOND l.. GARMAN Bu- FRANK N. GlLLETTE R.J. GARMAN ET Al. 2,525,891" TELEVISION RECORDING OR -TEANSMITTING APPARATUS USING CONSTANT SPEED FILM Filed .my 17. 1947 -SfneetsE-sheat 5 9ct. I7, 195o HORIZONTAL SWEEP CIRCUIT |07 o 4 loa lol 36 X .l *09 NuxER a |O5 VERTICAL f N 'I DRIVER clR'T VIDEO AMPLIFIER FIG. `8

RAYMOND L. GARMAN E FRANK' N. GILLET'I'E Patented ct. 1,7, 195K() UNITED STATES QFFECE SPEED FILM Raymond L. German and Frank N. (iillettel` Pleasantville, N. Y., assignors to General Pres cisicn Laboratory Incorporated, a" corporation`v of New `York Application July 17, 1947, Serial No. 761,493

` 16 Claims. l

This invention relates to television recording and transmission apparatus and more particularly to apparatus whereby received television images are recorded on film for projection by standard motion picture projectors and whereby motion picture images recorded on standard motion picture film are converted to television signals which may in turn be transmitted and received in the usual manner.

In the United States, television signals are transmitted at a standard frequency of 30 frames or complete picture repetitions a second. Ordinarily interlaced scanning is employed so that each frame is composed of two vertical sweeps or scans, alternate lines being scanned during each vertical sweep or deiection cycle. This results in the iield of the picture being covered twice for each frame or complete picture and hence the frequency at which the eld is covered is twice that of the frame frequency or 60 cycles per second.

In standard practice, motion pictures are recorded projected at the rate of 24 frames a second. In order, therefore, that television images transmitted under the usual` standards may be recorded so that they may in turn be projected" by standard projectors and conversely motion pictures recorded on standard film may be transmitted and received on standard television apparatus, it is necessary to provide some means by which the 60 cycle television fields may be converted to 24 cycle picture frames and vice versa. This is one of the purposes of the instant invention.

In the present invention the conversion from television images Ato photographic images is accomplished by projecting the television image formed on the screen of a cathode ray tube onto a strip of continuously moving motion picture nlm. rlhe conversion of 60 television fields a second to 24 picture frames a second is accomplished by exposing a single frame of the photographic film to more than a single television field scan and the motion of the film with respect to the cathode ray tube is effectively eliminated by suitable alteration of the scanning pattern of the cathode ray tube so that the film despite its movement receives a normal picture pattern.

Since it is expected that the film record produced from the television image is to be projected by standard means, it is essential that the picture frames be placed on the film strip in proper relation to the sprocket holes on the edges of the nlm. If these picture frames are notso placed, there will result a constant fluctuation in 2, framing, making the film strip wholly unsuitable for projection purposes. In 16 mm. film, for example, in order to provide proper projection the frame placement with respect to the sprocket holes ofthe film must be accurate to .025 inch.

A particular feature of the present invention, therefore, resides in the provision of means for obtaining accurate placement of the picture images on the nlm with respect to the sprocket holes and for assuring that such accuracy of placement is maintained throughout the period of recording. To' this end` the present invention provides a novel means for. synchronizing the motion ofthe lm with the television system. Briefly stated this consists of a monitoring display which indicates by suitable graphic means the phase and frequency relationship between the nlm feeding means and the television scanning means.

To accomplish the purpose of converting motion picture images to television signals, the pres ent invention provides means for scanning a continuousljy moving nlm with a light of constant intensity. The light is transmitted thru the film having standard motion pictureframes thereon and is caused to impinge' upon a photo-electric device which produces a television video signal that may be transmitted in the normal way.

As before stated, in order to realize this conversion', it` is necessary to translate 24 picture frames per secondf to television scans a second. In the instant invention such translation is accomplished by alternately obtaining 3 television scansfrom che picture frame and 2 television scans from thenext' succeeding frame. Again as inthe case of the production of motion picture images from television images, the continuous movement of the nlm` is effectively eliminated by suitably altering the scanning pattern.

Likewise, it is essential that the proper phase and` frequency relationships be maintained between the motion of the iilm and the scanning means therefor and in the instant invention this is accomplished by the use of novel monitoring means such as referred to above.

The. invention will be better understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic View of a complete system for recording television `images on motion picture lm.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic View of a complete system `for translating motion picture images to television` signals.

Fig: 3i isa diagrammatic View of the rectangular f3 wave generator used in the system of this invention.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the form of the Wave produced by the rectangular wave generator of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the form of the wave applied to the vertical deflecting means of the cathode ray tube as compared to the standard wave form used for vertical television scanning.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the pattern produced on the screen of the phase and frequency match monitor tube.

Fig. '7 is a diagram illustrating the form of the wave generated by the electro mechanical pulse generators.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of a modied form of a portion of the invention.

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to Fig. 1 thereof, a television recording apparatus is shown in which the received television signals are impressed on a television receiver I thru the medium of an antenna II. The television receiver Iii m'ay be of the standard type used for home receiving purposes having synchronizing signal separating means.

The receiver selects and recties the telvision signal and produces as a result of such rectication varying picture signals which picture signals are applied to the control electrode of a cathode ray tube i2 in the usual manner. The picture image formed on the screen of the cathode ray tube I2 is projected thru a suitable lens system I3 on a continuously moving film I4 which may be immediately developed by any of the quick development processes and projected on a motion picture screen or may be stored for future reference.

If immediate development and projection is desired, it is necessary that a positive picture print be produced directly from the picture image appearing on the face of the cathode ray tube I2 and hence the polarity of this picture image must be reversed. This is accomplished by transmitting the positive picture signal derived from the receiver ID to an inverter IB, which may consist of a single stage of amplication, before impressing it on the control electrode of the cathode ray tube I2. There is impressed upon the control electrode of the cathode ray tube I2, therefore, a signal whose wave form is opposite in polarity to the conventional wave form and negative images are produced on the screen of the tube I2. This reversal of the signal wave form', beside reversing the picture intensities and yielding a negative image also reverses the synchronizing signals which normally determine black for the picture and would result in white return lines appearing on the screen of tube I2. In order that the appearance of such lines may be prevented a blocking signal derived from the synchronizing signals is impressed on the cathode I'I of tube I2 thru conductor I8, thereby blanking the screen of the cathode ray tube during the return period.

For checking the performance of the receiver at the exact instant the signals are being received, a monitor tube I9 is connected in the usual manner to the receiver I0 to produce a positive image and to indicate to the operator that reception is taking place and that suitable video, synchronizing and blanking signals are being developed by the receiver.

In order that the cathode ray beam may be scanned across the screen of the tube I2 to provide a picture image having both height and Width, horizontal and vertical sweep generators and drivers are provided connected to the appropriate deflection means of the cathode ray tube. The horizontal sweep generator and driver ZI is of conventional construction, generating a sawtooth wave form from' synchronizing signals derived from the receiver III by means of connection 22. The saw-tooth wave so generated is in turn applied to the horizontal deiiection means of the cathode ray tube I2 thru connections 23 resulting in the horizontal scanning of the cathode ray beam.

As heretofore stated the present invention contemplates projecting the image formed on the screen of the cathode ray tube on a strip of continuously moving film to provide standard motion picture images. In order that the picture images may be properly recorded on such a lm strip in proper relation to each other and of the proper frequency for projection by standard motion picture projectors, the present invention provides a particular and distinctive vertical sweep generator and driver circuit.

The motor 24, powered by means to be more fully described hereinafter, continuously advances the iilm strip I4 in an upward direction thru the medium of worm gear 26, shaft 2I and sprocket 28. In order that discrete picture frames may be properly placed on this strip the continuous motion of the lm is effectively canceled by a compression or reduction of the amplitude of the Vertical sweep. Assuming that motion pictures of the standard 24 frame system are desired and that the television signals are received at the standard rate of 60 scans or fields a second, in the to of a second that the vertical scan is moving downward on the face of the cathode ray tube for one field, the nlm strip is moving upwardly 2/5 of a frame. In the present invention, this relative motion between lm strip and cathode ray tube screen is canceled by reducing the amplitude of the vertical sweep generator 29 to that of normal, thus a single picture frame on the picture strip I4 is scanned by the downward movement of the vertical scan a distance corresponding to 3/5 of a frame, while at the same time the nlm itself is moving upwardly the remaining distance or 275 of a frame.

This compression of the vertical sweep while cancelling the effect of the motion of the lm when considering merely the projection of one television scan on a single motion picture frame does not alone compensate for the motion of the lm' for a succession of frames. Because it is desired to translate television images occurring at the rate of 60 per second to motion picture frames to be projected at the rate of 2e a second, more than one television scan must be projected on the same picture frame. As before stated during the time it takes for one television scan to be completed the film strip has moved upwardly a distance equal to 2/5 of a frame height. If, therefore, it is desired to project the next television scan on the same picture frame, it is necessary that the vertical scan of the cathode ray tube start at a point 2/5 of a frame higher than the Vscan started initially, During this second scan the lm again advances a distance equal to 275 of a frame and if it is now desired to project the third television scan on the next succeeding frame of the picture strip it is necessary to begin the vertical scan at a point 1/5 of a frame below that of the initial scan, the lm having advanced a total of 4/5 of a frame during the time required for the rst two scans.

While the third scan is taking place, the `film strip is once more advancing a distance equal to 2/5 `of a frame and if it is desired to project the fourth television scan on the second picture frame, it is necessary to begin this scan at a point 1/5 of a frame higher than the initial scan, the lm having advanced 6/5 of aframe during the irst three scans thus placing the leading edge of the second frame 1/5 of a frame above the point Where the scanning sequence began.

In Fig. 4 there is shown diagrammatically the various levels -at which the vertical scan must be initiated with respect to the height of a single frame. In this `illustration ve television scans are depicted by the levels indicated by the num bers l to inclusive since the ratio of 60 television scans per second converted to 24 picture frames a second naturally `follows the ratio of 5 to 2. If, however, this ratio were maintained by projecting tivo television scans on the rst picture frame and three on the second unequal picture intensities would result because of the unequal light intensities received by successive frames.

In the present invention this disadvantage is avoided by omitting each fifth `television scan. The rectangular Wave generator 32 is operated t0 generate a signal at each iifth scan which is impressed on the control electrodes of the cathode ray tube l2 thru the connection 3| and blanlcing mixer 33, thereby cutting ofi the cathode ray beam during this period In order to produce a vvave of the form shown in Fig. e so that the beginning of each vertical scan is made to start at the proper point as respects a frame height on the moving picture strip, the present invention provides the rectangular Wave generator 32 a more detailed circuit of which is disclosed in Fig. 3.

Referring now to Fig. 3 the vertical synchronization pulses are transmitted from the receiver It* to the rectangular wave generator 32 by conductor 313. These pulses are applied to the grids of the second tubes ci a series of iive Eccles-Jordan trigger circuits. In the showing of Fig. 3 the first of such trigger circuits, enclosed by the dotted rectangle Eil, is iliustrated diagrammatically, and, for the purposes of simpliiication the remainder of the series of five trigger circuits, are shown merely as bocks 52 to 55 inclusive, since they are in all respects duplicates of the rst such circuit.

As is Well known a trigger circuit of this type functions by virtue of the fact that only one tube at a time is `made conducting, the other tube being at the same time rendered non-com ductive. Assume for example that the tubes 5l' are conductive and that a negative pulse is` applied to the grid thereof. This negative pulse causes the plate current to decrease which in turn results in an increase in potential of point 58 by reason of the reduced potential drop in resistor 59. Since the grid of the second tube 6| is connected to terminal 53, the negative potential on the grid ci this tube decreases causing an increase in the plate current thereof. This increase in plate current in turn causes an increased potential drop in plate resistor i2 and the grid of tube 5l is driven more negative by reason of the intercoupling between the tubes. The action of the circuit is therefore seen to be cumulative allowing only one tube to conduct at a time. Of course, if a negative pulse is applied to the grid of a tube which is already in a non-conductive 6. state no change in the relative conductivity of the tubes takes place.

While the synchronization pulses are applied to the grids of the second tubes of each trigger circuit,l only those trigger circuits will be actuated in which the second tube was conducting at the time the pulse was transmitted and hence triggering pulses may be obtained only from particular trigger circuits at each successive synchronization pulse.

Advantage of this phenomena is taken to provide a ring counter circuit which completes a cycle for each group of five synchronization pulses and which causes each trigger circuit to gener-ate `triggering pulses in sequence. The output of the first tube of each triggering circuit is connected to the grid of the first tube of the next succeeding triggering circuit, the output of the rst tube of the last of the series being connected back to the grid of the irst tube of the first circuit to form a ring circuit. By this means when any one of the triggering circuits is actuated by a syn chronizing pulse applied to the grid ofthe second tube a pulse is generated by that trigger circuit vvhich actuates the next succeeding triggering circuit causing the relative conductivity of its tubes to be reversed.

In operation the-triggering circuits are initially set so that the first tube of each is conductive and hence the second tube in each case is in a non-conductive condition. A short negative impulse is then applied to the grid of the first tube of the first trigger circuit by a momentary actuation of switch 63 thus applying a negative potential from the source 64. This causes the conditions `in the first trigger circuit to be reversed and the rst tube of this circuit is novv made non-conductive and the second tube conductive. When a synchronizing pulse is impressed on the conductor 34 and hence on the grids of the second tubes of each of the trigger circuits, the first trigger circuit only is actuated since in this circuit only is the second tube conducting. This circuit is again actuated, a reversal of the relative conductivity of the tubes again takes place and a pulse is generated by this circuit. The negative pulse generated by this actuation of the trigger circuit 5l is applied to the grid of the rst tube of triggering circuit 52 thru conductor 66 and condenser 67. Since the first tube of circuit 52 is conductive this negative pulse will actuate trigger circuit 52 and its conditions of conductivity will be reversedy the rst tube being rendered non-conductive and the second tube conductive. When the next synchronizing pulse is transmitted over conductor 34, therefore, the second trigger circuit 512 only will be actuated since this is the only trigger circuit Whose second tube is conductive and hence the only one capable of actuation by a negative pulse applied to the inputs of the second tube of each trigger circuit. Actuation of circuit 52 by the synchronizing pulse causes this trigger circuit to generate a pulse and in turn to condition circuit 53 for actuation by the next succeeding synchronizing pulse in the same manner as before. This action continues thru the succeeding circuits and triggering pulses are generated by each in sequence at the arrival of each successive synchronizing pulse.

Positive pulses are derived from each triggering circuit when they are in turn actuated by a synchronizing pulse so as to change the second tube from the conductive to the non-conductive state and these positive "pulses `are ap! 7 plied to the input electrodes of tubes GT to l'l inclusive. As shown specically with respect to trigger circuit 5| the positive pulse is obtained by connecting the grid of tube 5l thru condenser 'i3 to the anode of tube 6l. The remaining tubes 68 to l! inclusive are similarly respectively connected to trigger circuits 52 to 55 inclusive.

The cathodes of tubes 6l to ll inclusive are 'connected to diierent potential points on the voltage divider 'M so that as each tube is in turn rendered conductive by the application of the successive positive pulses obtained from sequential trigger circuits 5i to 55 inclusive, the common output conductor 'i6 is brought to the proper potential level as indicated by the wave form of Fig. 4.

While triodes have been illustrated as the means for adjusting the output conductor 1E to the successive voltage levels desired, it is also contemplated that diodes may be used to obtain a more uniform action. Likewise it is readily apparent that appropriate amplifying means may be connected between the trigger generators 5l to 55 inclusive should amplification be deemed desirable.

Reverting now to Fig. l the cyclically varying voltage wave generated by the rectangular wave generator 32 in the manner just described is mixed with the compressed saw-tooth wave generated by the vertical sweep generator 29 in a miXer and vertical driver 36. The mixing of these two waves is one of simple voltage addition and the resultant wave form obtained is illustrated at 1 in Fig. 5 where it may be visually compared with the standard vertical scan normally used for television illustrated by the wave form 8.

The vertical deflection on the cathode ray tube l2 has now .been adjusted so that the relative motion between the vertical sweep and the continuous movement of the picture strip has been effectively canceled, however, it must also be assured that the picture frames are placed on the nlm strip in proper relation to the sprocket holes of the lm and that such placement be maintained with considerable accuracy.

In the embodiment described, herein, the iilrn is advanced by a synchronous motor 2d which derives its power from the vertical synchronizing signals which are amplified and converted to a sine wave of the proper power by means of amplier 3l. If the energy supplied to the motor were at all times in exactly the correct phase relation to the synchronizing signals, by proper gearing the nlm would be advanced at the proper rate and in the proper frame relation at all times.

Such absolute phase relation between the synchronizing signals and the energy powering the motor 24 is not achievable in any practical system and therefore a phase shifter 33 operated by a phase control 39 is provided so that the phase of the energy powering motor 2Q may be adjusted from time to time as the occasion warrants.

Before the phase can be properly adjusted, however, the exact time at which certain points on the lm strip lli reach the critical locations which are suitable for the leading edges of the various frames which are to be photographed thereon, must be known. The critical locations in this case being those positions which have been selected as the starting points oi the various vertical sweepsoccurring in the previously described recurring cycle of five.

amuser fi il 'In the present invention in order that such irlformation shall constantly be available in a clear and exact form the phase and frequency match monitor 4| is provided.

This monitor comprises a cathode ray tube the driving system of which is coupled to a 36 cycle generator in such a manner that a basic circular sweep is obtained. Additionally the basic circular sweep is deflected radially at frequencies of 60 and 24 cycles per second by electro-mechanical pulse generators connected to the motor 24 and to the iilm drive 2E! respectively. These generators may preferably consist of a rotating arm of magnetic material which once each period of revolution passl thru the magnetic field of a small coil, thereby changing the magnetic properties of the coil in such a fashion that a voltage signal is produced. By proper design of the magnetic arm and cooperating coil a wave form such as depicted in Fig. '7 may be produced.

In Fig. 1 the electro-mechanical wave generator for producing the 60 cycle impulses is shown as consisting of the magnetic arm e2 geared to the motor 24 so that it passes thru the magnetic field of the coilll 60 times a second. In a similar manner the magnetic arm le connected to the driving sprocket 23 by shaft 115 is made to pass thru the magnetic field of coil 4l 24 times a second, thereby generating impulses having a frequency of 24 cycles per second.

These separate impulses are applied to the deiiection means of the phase monitor tube 4! producing a pattern on the face thereof as indicated in Fig. 6. The 60 cycle impulses lappear as the deiiections indicated at A, B, C, D and E and the 24 cycle impulses appear as the deliections indicated at A and F. The deflection indicated at A, since it represents the sum of the 60 and 24. cycle impulses, has a greater amplitude than the others and therefore serves to indicate the beginning of a recording cycle in so far as the iilm motion is concerned.

In addition to the radial deflections of the cathode ray trace on the phase monitor tube,

which deflections are indicative of iilm striprposition, intensity modulation signals are applied thereto to indicate the time relationship of the beginning of each television scan. Vertical synchronizing signals derived from the receiver It are applied thru conductors 34 and 48 to the intensifying electrodes of the phase monitor tube M. These intensity modulation signals appear as bright spots which are indicated in Fig. 6 as occurring at the intersection of the radial delections and the basic circular trace. The system is so adjusted that when these bright spots appear at these points it is known that each television scan is starting just as the leading edge of a lm frame reaches one of the critical locations. Any error in phase between the television scan and iilm placement will be indicated by the bright spots leaving the intersection points Iand travelling up the steep curve of the radial deflections. There is, therefore, provided a sensitive and clearly recognizable indicator for the adjustment of the phase shifter.

So much of the system indicates that the leading edge of a film frame has reached one of the critical locations of the cathode ray scan, it is not known, however, that the leading edge of the film frame has reached that particular one of the critical locations which corresponds to the position of the trace that exists at that instant of time, that is, that the leading edge of lm frame and the generator of rectangular waves 32 are in proper cyclic relation to each other. This is determined by obtaining an impulse from the actuation of trigger generator I (see Fig. 3) delaying it slightly by any suitable delay means and utilizing the delayed impulse to intensify the cathode trace of the phase monitor tube 4 I. i This intensilication signal is indicated by the point G on Fig. G. When it follows the radial deflection A, which is easily determinable since it has the greater amplitude', correct operation is indicated. When, however, the spot G, follows any of the other radial deflections, it is indicated that the system is out of phase by some whole number of television scans.

To correct such a gross error the cycle jumper 49 is provided. This may preferably consist of a simple trigger generator'actuated by a pushbutton so connectedthat each time the pushbutton is actuated an extra impulse is applied to the inputs of the trigger generators 5I to 55 inclusive. This results in the output of the rectangular wave generator being advanced one step for each actuation of the push-button and a maximum of four such actuations may be required if, for example, the bright spot G should be shown as following deflection B rather than deflection A.

While in the above disclosure the power for the motor 2li has been described as obtained by amplication of the synchronizing signals, it is obvious that other sources may be used with equal efcacy. For example, if the television transmitter is operated from the same alternating current lines as the receiver, these lines themselves may be used as the source of power, or a reference signal may be transmitted from the transmitting to the receiving stations over lines leased for this purpose and this signal ampliiied and used as a source of power. In any case, of course, the phase shifter 38 and monitor 4I are necessary at all times to insure proper phase relation between the film strip motion and the received television Signals. i p

In Fig. 2 there is disclosed a similar system for converting standard motion picture images to television signals.

This system incorporates many of the identical elements previously described in connection with the system of Fig. l and identical reference characters are therefore used to denote identical units.

In this system a motion picture strip BI having photographic images thereon is continuously advanced in an upward direction thru the medium of driving sprocket 28, shaft 82, worm gear 26 and synchronous motor 24. A spot of light generated by the cathode ray tube 83 is projected thru the lens system 8H and film strip 8| onto a photoelectric device 8E which converts the varying light intensities so projected to electrical variations which variations are in turn amplified by the video amplifier 8l to form the video signal. These video signals are combined with synchronizing signals produced by a conventional synchronizing signal generator 89 in a television transmitter 9| and the composite signal radiated by means of a transmitting antenna 92. As a check on the quality of the picture transmitted a monitor picture tube 93 is connected in the usual manner to convert the video signals to picture images.

The cathode ray tube 83, which constitutes the light source for scanning the pictureimages appearing on the picture strip 8|, has a very rapid decay time so that atany instant of time the light projected on the photoelectric dcvceris 7 5` instant of time.

ning spot at that instant.

In order that the scanning spot may b-e moved over the screen of the cathode ray tube 33, to cancel the motion of the film to insure conversion of picture frames occurring at the rate cf 24 frames a second to television signals recurring at a frequency of 60 per second and to provide for proper framing at all, times, a compressed vertical sweep generated by vertical sweep generator 29 is mixed in the vertical mixer and driver with a rectangular wave generated by the wave generator 32 and applied to the vertical deflection means of the tube 33.

The vertical sweep generator 29, mixer and driver 35 and rectangular wave generator 32 are identical to the same units described in connection with the system of Fig. l and their mode of operation is the same ef'cept that inasmuch as in converting photographic images to television Video signals it is not desirable or necessary to omit any of the light scans of the picture strip, the blanking mixer 33 of Fig. 1 is not used to block the tube during every fth scan. Instead, every other picture frame on the lm strip 8l is scanned three times, while the alternate frames are scanned twice, thus providing the proper ratio of 24 to G0 for converting standard motion pictures frequencies to standard television irequencies.

As in the case of the system of Fig. 1 phase control for the continuous movement of the picture strip is accomplished by a phase shifter 3S connected in the motor power supply circuit and monitoring is had by anidentical phase and frequency monitor 4 I The motor 24 may derive its power thru the phase shifter 38 from any of the sources referred to in connectionwith the system of Fig'. 1- but since both the motor 24 and synchronizing signal generator 89 are located in the same vicinity both units may advantageously derive their power from the same alternating current supply source 94.

As an alternative to the cathode ray tube light source 83 and photoelectric device for scanning the picture strip and converting the images appearing thereon to video signals, the apparatus disclosed in Fig. 8 may be utilized with equal efiect.

In this system a dissector tube Ill of the type shown and described in the patent to Farnsworth No. 1,773,980, issued August 26, 1930, constitutes the picture scanning means.

The picture strip 3i is uniformly illuminated by lig-ht from an arc source M32 and lens system ID3. A projection lens diagrammatically represented by the element IM projects the image of the i'llm on the photoeathode i B5 of the dissector tube IBI. The electrons emitted from each elemental area of the cathode correspond in electrical intensity with the intensity of the light falling on that area and hence an electrical image corresponding to the light image is formed. This electrical image is scanned in both horizontal and vertical directions by the deilecting means Ii'I and IDB driven by horizontal and vertical drivers 2| and 3S identical to and operating in the same manner as those described in connection with the circuits ci" Figs. 1 and 2. .The anode I I i of the dissector tube I iii is shielded by a shield IUS having a small aperture therein which permits only a small elemental area of the electrical image to be received by the anode at am By deflecting the electrical image over the shield aperture and hence the anode the whole electrical image may be scanned in a line for line manner and the electrical signals so produced amplined by the video ampliner 8l in the same manner as the electrical currents derived from the photoelectric device 86 in the system of Fig. 2.

What is claimed is:

l. In a device of the character described, a nlm strip adapted to have nlm frames thereon, means for moving said nlm strip at a constant speed past a projection area, means for scanning at least a portion of said projection area in a line for line manner comprising a nrst deflection means for scanning said nlm strip transversely thereof producing a transverse line of scan of elemental width and a second denection means for progressively advancing said transverse line of scan longitudinally oi the nlm strip and periodically returning said line of scan to an initial plane of transverse scan, means for cyclically varying the position of the initial plane of transverse scan to compensate for the continuous motion of said film relative to said scanning means and means controlled in accordance with the relative positions of said initial line of transverse scan and the nlm strip for indicating the phase relationship between said scanning means and said nlm moving means.

2. In a device of the character described, a nlm strip adapted to have nlm frames thereon, synchronous motor means for moving said nlm strip at a constant speed past a projection area, means for scanning at least a portion of said projection area in a line for line manner comprising a nrst denection means for scanning said film strip transversely thereof producing a transverse line of scan of elemental width and a second denection means for progressively advancing said transverse line of scan longitudinally of the nlm strip and periodically returning said line of scan to an initial plane of transverse scan, means for cyclically varying the position of the initial plane of transverse scan to compensate for the continuous motion of said nlm relative to said scanning means, indicating means controlled in accordance with the relative positions of said initial plane of transverse scan and the film strip for indicating the phase relationship between said scanning means and said synchronous motor means, a phase shifter connected to said synchronous motor to vary the phase of the energy supplied thereto and phase control means connected to said phase shifter and operable'in accordance with said indicating means to maintain proper phase relation between said scanning means and said synchronous motor means.

3. In a device of the character described, a nlm I strip adapted to have nlm frames thereon, means for moving said nlm strip at a constant speed past a projection area, a cathode ray tube developing a cathode ray beam for scanning at least a portion of said projection area in a line for line manner, a nrst deflection means for causing said cathode ray beam to scan said nlm strip transversely thereof producing a transverse line of scan of elemental width, a second deflection means for causing said cathode ray beam progressively to advance said transverse line of scan longitudinally of the nlm strip and periodically to return said line of scan to an initial plane of transverse scan, means cooperating with said second denection means for cyclically varying the position of the initial plane of transverse scan to compensate for the continuous motion of said nlm strip relative to said cathode ray beam and means controlled in accordance with the relative positions of said cathode ray beam and said nlm strip for indicating the phase relationship between the cathode ray beam and said nlm moving means.

4. In a device of the character described, a nlm strip adapted to have nlm frames thereon, a synchronous motor means for moving said nlm strip at a constant speed past a projection area, a cathode ray tube developing a cathode ray beam for scanning at least a portion of said projection area in a line for line manner, a nrst deflection means for causing said cathode ray beam to scan said nlm strip transversely thereof producing a transverse line of scan of elemental width, a second deflection means for causing said cathode ray beam progressively to advance said transverse line of scan longitudinally of the nlm strip and periodically to return said line of scan to an initial plane of transverse scan, means cooperating with said second denection means for cyclically varying the position of the initial plane of transverse scan to compensate for the continuous motion oi said nlm strip relative to said cathode ray beam, indicating means controlled in accordance with the relative positions of said cathode ray beam and said nlm strip for indicating the phase'relationship between the cathode ray beam and said synchronous motor means, a phase shifter connected to said synchronous motor to vary the phase of the energy supplied thereto and phase control means connected to said phase shifter and operable in accordance with said indicating means to maintain proper phase relationship between said cathode ray beam and said synchronous motor means.

5. In an apparatus for photographically recording television images, means for receiving a television signal consisting of video signals and synchronizing signals, a cathode ray tube for developing a cathode ray beam, means for varying the intensity of said cathode ray beam as a function of said video signals, horizontal deflection means and vertical denection means for said cathode ray beam operative in accordance with said synchronizing signals whereby successive picture images are scanned on the screen of said cathode ray tube, a nlm strip, means for moving said nlm strip at a constant speed, projection means for projecting the image formed on said cathode ray tube screen on said constantly moving nlm strip, means for cyclically varying the position of the successive picture images on the screen of said cathode ray tube and means operative by said nlm moving means and said synchronizing signals for determining the phase relationship between said vertical deflection means and said nlm moving means.

6. In an apparatus for photographically recording television images, means for receiving a television signal consisting of video signals and synchronizing signals, a cathode ray tube for developing a cathode ray beam, means for varying the intensity of said cathode ray beam as a function of said videosignals, horizontal denection means and vertical deflection means for said cathode ray beam operative in accordance with said synchronizing signals whereby successive picture images are scanned on the screen of said cathode ray tube, a nlm strip, means for moving said nlm strip at a constant speed, projection means for projecting the image formed on said ing nlm stripI a rectangular wave generator operated by said synchronizing signals to produce a Wave whose amplitude varies cyclically in syn-` chronism with successive television images, and means for applying the wave so generated to said vertical deflection means whereby the position of successive television scans on said cathode ray tube screen is varied to compensate for the con tinuous motion of said lm strip relative to said cathode ray tube screen.

'7, In an apparatus for photographically recording television images, means for receiving a television signal consisting of video signals and synchronizing signals, a cathode ray tube for developing a cathode ray beam, means for varying the intensity of said cathode ray beam as a function of said video signals, horizontal deilection means and vertical deflection means for said cathode ray beam operative in accordance with said synchronizing signals whereby successive picture images are scanned on the screen of said cathode ray tube, a film strip. means for moving said film strip at a constant speed, projection means for projecting the image formed on said cathode ray screen on said constantly moving film strip, a rectangular wave generator operated by said synchronizing signals to produce a wave whose amplitude varies cyclically in synchronism with successive television images, means for applying the wave so generated to said vertical deflection means to vary the position of successive ACTX television scans on said cathode ray tube screen i to compensate for the continuous motion of said film strip relative to said cathode ray screen and indicating means operative conjointly by said synchronizing signals and said film moving means to indicate the phase relationship between successive television scans and said film moving means.

8. An apparatus according to claim 7 in which the indicating means comprises a cathode ray tube having beam intensifying electrodes and beam deflection means, means for impressing impulses derived froni the synchronizing signals on said intensifying electrodes and means for impressing a voltage wave derived from said film moving means to said deflection means.

9. In an apparatus for photographically recording television images, means for receiving a television signal consisting of video signals and synchronizing signals, a cathode ray tube for developing a cathode ray beam, means for varying the intensity of said cathode ray beam as a function of said video signals, horizontal deflection means and vertical deflection means for said cathode ray beam operative in accordance with said synchronizing signals whereby successive picture images are scanned on the screen of said cathode ray tube at a rst frequency of repetition, a film strip, means for moving said film strip at a. constant speed, projection means proiecting the image formed on said cathode ray screen o-n said constantly moving film strip, a plurality of trigger circuits connected to form a ring counter circuit, connections for applying a train of operating pulses derived from said synchronizing signals to each of said trigger circuits whereby said trigger circuits successively and cyclically generate impulses at said first frequency of repetition, a voltage source, an output terminal therefor, means operative by said cyclically generated impulses for cyclically varying the potential of said output terminal, a connection from output terminal to said vertical deflection means whereby the position of successive television fields on the screen of said t cathode ray tube is cyclically varied and the images projected on said constantly moving film strip are photographically recorded as separate nlm frames having a second repetition frequency.

l0. An apparatus according to claim 9 having l an indicating means operative conjointly by said moving means generating voltage pulses at saidY second repetition frequency, Vconnections from said rst land second voltage generators to said p deflection means and means for impressing pulses derived from said synchronizing signals on said beam intensifying electrodes.

12. In an apparatus according to claim 11, means for deriving a pulse from the first trigger circuit of said plurality of trigger circuits, a delay circuit therefor, and connections for impressing said delayed pulse on the intensifying electrodes of said cathode ray tube indicating means.

13. In an apparatus according to claim 12, means for deriving a pulse from thelast trigger circuit of said plurality `of trigger circuits, connections for impressing said pulse on. the intensifying electrodes of said iirst mentioned cathode ray tube for blanking the tube during the period of one of the television scans.

14, In an apparatus for the production of tele: vision signals from motion picture lm having separate image frames thereon, means for moving said film at a constant speed past a projection area, a cathode ray tube having means for developing a cathode ray beam to produce a spot of light of elemental area, optical means to direct the spot of light so produced thru the lm to a photoelectric device which produces when so illuminated varying electrical energy corresponding to the film density at the point of illumination, deflection means associated with said cathode ray tube for causing said spot of light to scan lm transversely thereof producing `a transverse line of scan of elemental width, a second deflection means associated with said cathode ray tube to progressively advance said transverse line of scan longitudinally of the film and periodically to return said line of scan to an initial plane of transverse scan, means cooperating with said second deflection means for cyclically varying the position of the initial plane of transverse scan to compensate for the motion of said film strip relative to said cathode ray tube, and means controlled in accordance with the relative positions of said cathode ray beam and said lm strip for indicating the phase relationship between the cathode ray scanning means and the film moving means.

l5. In an apparatus for the production of television signals from motion picture lm having separate image frames thereon, means for moving said film at a constant speed, a cathode ray tube having means for developing a cathode ray beam to produce a Spot of light of elemental area, an optical system directing the light so produced thru the lm to a photoelectric device which when illuminated produces varying electrical energy corresponding to the film density at the point of illumination, a generator of synchronizing signals, horizontal deection means and vertical deiiection means for said cathode ray tube operative in accordance with said synchronizing signals whereby the beam developed by said cathode ray tube is caused to scan an image area of said iilm, a rectangular wave generator operated by said synchronizing signals to produce a voltage wave whose amplitude varies cyclically in synchronism With successive cathode ray tube scans, an connections for applying the voltage Wave so generated to said vertical deection means whereby the initial position of successive cathode ray tube scans is varied to compensate for the continuous motion of the film.

16. An apparatus according to claim 15 having an indicating means operative conjointly by said synchronizing signals and signals generated by said nlm moving means to indicate the phase relationship between successive cathode ray tube scans at a iirst repetition frequency and the 16 movement of said film frames at a second repetition frequency.

RAYMOND L. GARMAN. FRANK N. GILLETTE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name `Date 2,189,351 Schroter Feb. 6, 1940 2,219,120 Somers Oct. 22, 1940 2,248,552 Schlesinger July 8, 1941 2,248,559 Schlesinger July 8, 1941 2,251,786 Epstein Aug. 5, 1941 2,261,848 Goldmark Nov. 4, 1941 2,275,898 Goldsmith Mar. 10, 1942 2,287,033 Goldmark June 23, 1942 2,373,114 Goldsmith Apr. 10, 1945 2,404,839 Hammond July 30, 1946 2,455,323 Townsend Nov. 30, 1948 

